Melasma

Melasma is a common skin condition that causes brown or grayish-brown patches, most often on the face, and is primarily driven by an overproduction of melanin—the pigment responsible for skin colour. This overactivity of melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) is commonly triggered by hormonal fluctuations, such as those occurring during pregnancy, while using birth control pills, or through hormone replacement therapy. Sun exposure is another major contributor, as ultraviolet (UV) rays stimulate melanin production and can worsen existing melasma. In addition to UV light, heat and visible light—from sources like indoor lighting or digital screens—can also aggravate the condition. While melasma is not harmful, it can be persistent and emotionally distressing, requiring a combination of professional treatments and ongoing care to manage effectively.